The disintegration and fragmentation effect is ubiquitous in the movement process of high-position rock landslides, which can transform the material state and movement state of the landslide, thereby affecting the energy distribution and dynamic transfer characteristics of the landslide. To investigate the disintegration and fragmentation characteristics and energy dissipation patterns of high-position rock avalanche debris flows, and to reveal their dynamic transfer mechanisms, large-scale physical model tests were employed, focusing on the influence of factors such as block strength, volume, thickness, joint development degree, and slope gradient of the source area on rock mass disintegration and fragmentation.

The results indicate that during the dynamic transfer process of high-position rock avalanche debris flows, the velocity loss at the front is significantly less than that at the rear, with the front edge exhibiting a notable "secondary acceleration," and a large number of fine particles accumulate at the distal end. There is a significant velocity and dynamic transfer effect from the rear to the front of the landslide mass, and the higher the degree of fragmentation, the more pronounced the dynamic transfer effect. The disintegration and fragmentation process is accompanied by the transformation, transfer, and loss of energy; under the control of the fragmentation degree, the energy dissipation due to fragmentation accounts for approximately 3.32% to 21.03% of the total potential energy.

Keywords: high-level rock landslide debris flow; large-scale physical model test; dynamic transmission; disintegration and fragmentation; energy dissipation; engineering geology