This paper proposes a real-time perception method based on the dynamic response of operating metro systems for monitoring the impact of adjacent construction activities on shield tunnels. The effectiveness of the method is verified through a combination of numerical simulation and model testing. The simulation evaluates the effects of nearby excavation and pile driving operations on tunnel structures and metro responses. Subsequently, model tests were conducted with pile driving as a representative construction scenario. The acceleration responses of the metro at different stages were analyzed, revealing distinct instantaneous peaks and transient fluctuations. Corresponding short-time Fourier transform (STFT) spectrograms show concentrated energy in high-frequency bands, enabling estimation of the location and intensity of construction disturbances. This study establishes a framework for real-time detection of external disturbances and potential intrusions using operational metro data, providing technical support for safety monitoring around tunnels.

Keywords: shield tunnel; adjacent construction; dynamic response; short-time Fourier transform